Isiqandisi Eziqandisini Zezimoto: Inhliziyo Yokupholisa Okusebenzayo Ohambweni

Ohambweni lwesimanje lomgwaqo, uhambo oluya ngaphandle komgwaqo, ngisho nokuhamba kwansuku zonke, iziqandisi zezimotosezibe ithuluzi elibalulekile lokugcina ukudla neziphuzo kupholile. Kusukela ekushayeleni ibanga elide kuya ekuhambeni ngezinyawo nasekukhempini, la madivayisi okupholisa aphathekayo ahlinzeka ngokulula okungenakuqhathaniswa. Kodwa-ke, enhliziyweni yanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokuqandisa—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luyithuluzi lasekhaya noma isiqandisi semoto—yi-refrigerant. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola indima yama-refrigerant eziqandisini zezimoto, izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-refrigerant kanye nomthelela wawo emvelweni.

 

Kuyini i-refrigerant?

I-refrigerant yinto noma ingxube esetshenziswa emjikelezweni wokuqandisa emunca ukushisa kusuka endaweni eyodwa bese ikukhipha iye kwenye. Kalula nje, ama-refrigerant ayizimbangi ezibalulekile enqubweni yokuphola. Angaguquka phakathi koketshezi negesi, amunce ukushisa ngempumelelo futhi agcine izinga lokushisa elifunekayo ngaphakathi kwesiqandisi. Le nqubo ifana nendlela i-air conditioner yasekhaya epholisa ngayo ikhaya lakho, kodwa isebenza esiqandisini esincane semoto.

Ama-refrigerant ngokuvamile anezinga eliphansi lokubila, okusho ukuthi angashintsha kalula phakathi kwezimo zoketshezi kanye negesi. Lokhu kuwavumela ukuthi amunce ukushisa kahle futhi agcine izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwesiqandisi semoto. Ukusebenza kahle kwesiqandisi semoto kuncike kakhulu ezicini zesiqandisi, okuhlanganisa ikhono laso lokumunca nokukhulula ukushisa, amazinga okucindezela kanye nokushisa, kanye nokuphepha kwaso kumsebenzisi kanye nemvelo.

 

Izinhlobo Zeziqandisi Ezisetshenziswa Eziqandisini Zezimoto

Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, iziqandisi zidlale indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuqandisa, okuhlanganisa neziqandisi zezimoto. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zeziqandisi ziyahlukahluka ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa, kanye nomthelela emvelweni. Okulandelayo izinhlobo eziningana zeziqandisi ezivame ukusetshenziswa emakethe yeziqandisi zezimoto yamanje.

 

I-R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane)

I-R-134a ingenye yama-refrigerant asetshenziswa kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi eziqandisini zezimoto kanye nasezinhlelweni zomoya-mpilo wezimoto. Iyi-refrigerant esekelwe ku-freon (HFC) eyafakwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 njenge-R-12, eyatholakala ukuthi yonakalise ungqimba lwe-ozone ngaleso sikhathi. Nakuba i-R-134a ingabhubhisi kakhulu ungqimba lwe-ozone, isenamandla okushisa komhlaba wonke aphezulu (GWP), okusho ukuthi uma ikhishwa emoyeni, isazoba nomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.

 

Izinzuzo ze-R-134a:

Ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa.

Ayinobuthi futhi ayishisi.

Isetshenziswa kabanzi futhi ishibhile.

 

Okubi nge-R-134a:

I-GWP ephezulu, akuyona inketho enobungani nemvelo.

Ayisebenzi kahle kancane kunezinye iziqandisi ezintsha, futhi ingadinga i-compressor enkulu ukuze ifinyelele umphumela ofanayo wokupholisa.

 

I-R-600a (i-isobutane)

I-R-600a, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-isobutane, iyisiqandisi se-hydrocarbon esitholakala ngokwemvelo esiye sathandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yomthelela waso ophansi kwezemvelo. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-R-134a, i-R-600a ine-GWP ephansi kakhulu futhi igcina amandla kahle, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwezinhlelo zokuqandisa eziphathwayo, okuhlanganisa neziqandisi zezimoto.

 

Izinzuzo ze-R-600a:

I-GWP ephansi kakhulu, cishe akukho monakalo ongqimbeni lwe-ozone.

Isebenza kahle kakhulu kuneziqandisi ze-HFC.

Kwenzeka ngokwemvelo, kunobungani nemvelo.

 

Okubi nge-R-600a:

Iyavutha kakhulu, idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezithile.

Akuzona zonke izinhlelo zokuqandisa ezihambisanayo, futhi imishini emidala kungadingeka ifakwe kabusha.

 

I-R-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene)

I-R-1234yf iyi-refrigerant entsha kakhulu edonsele ukunaka ngenxa ye-GWP yayo ephansi. Iyi-refrigerant ye-fluoroolefin (HFO) eyisisombululo sokupholisa sesizukulwane esilandelayo. I-R-1234yf yenzelwe ukuthatha indawo ye-R-134a ezinhlelweni zomoya-moya wezimoto futhi ingena kancane kancane emakethe yeziqandisi zezimoto.

 

Izinzuzo ze-R-1234yf:

I-GWP ephansi kakhulu (ephansi kakhulu kune-R-134a).

Ayinabuthi futhi ayishisi ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile.

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.

 

Okubi nge-R-1234yf:

Kubiza kakhulu kune-R-134a kanye ne-R-600a.

Ingqalasizinda yokuhlinzeka ngempahla kanye nokulungisa yamanje incane kakhulu.

Uma kungaphathwa kahle, kusathinta imvelo.

 

R-290 (i-Propane)

I-R-290, noma i-propane, ingenye i-hydrocarbon refrigerant esetshenziswa kwezinye iziqandisi zezimoto. Njenge-R-600a, inomthelela ophansi kakhulu kwezemvelo kanye ne-GWP ephansi kakhulu. Nakuba isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuqandisa zezentengiselwano, ithola ukuthandwa ezixazululweni ezincane zokuqandisa eziphathwayo, ikakhulukazi iziqandisi zezimoto.

 

Izinzuzo ze-R-290:

I-GWP ephansi kakhulu, okwenza kube ukukhetha okunobungani nemvelo.

Ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa.

Izindleko eziphansi futhi zitholakala kabanzi.

 

Okubi nge-R-290:

Iyavutha kakhulu, inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, idinga izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile.

Kudinga imishini ekhethekile kanye nezindlela zokuphatha.

 

Umthelela Weziqandisi Kwemvelo

Njengoba ushintsho lwesimo sezulu kanye nokuwohloka kwemvelo kuba kubi kakhulu, umthelela weziqandisi ekufudumaleni komhlaba ube yinkinga ephuthumayo embonini yeziqandisi. Iziqandisi ezisetshenziswa ngokwesiko ezinhlelweni zeziqandisi (kufaka phakathi iziqandisi zezimoto) ziye zaba umthombo obalulekile wokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ngenxa ye-GWP ephezulu kanye nokuthambekela kokuvuza emoyeni.

Njengoba ubhekene nalokhu kucindezeleka, Umnyango wezimpahla isebenza ukunciphisa ukushaqeka kwayo kwekhabhoni. I-R600a isetshenziswa eziqandisini ezintsha zedrowa DC21DRW futhi DC28DRWUkuze kuncishiswe umthelela emvelweni, ukusetshenziswa kwama-refrigerant kuya ngokuya ku-GWP ephansi, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwezinhlelo nakho kuyathuthuka njalo. Ama-refrigerant afana ne-R-600a, i-R-1234yf kanye ne-R-290 aseba ezinye izindlela ezifanelekile kune-refrigerant yendabuko ngenxa yomthelela wawo ophansi emvelweni kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba lawa ma-refrigerant enomthelela omncane emvelweni, angase abe nomthelela emvelweni uma engaphathwa kahle noma elahliwe ngendlela engafanele. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi kanye nabathengi kudingeka bagxile ekuphatheni kahle, ekunakekeleni nasekulahleni.

 

Isiphetho

Isiqandisi esisesiqandisini semoto sidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwaso, ekusebenzeni kahle, kanye nomthelela waso emvelweni. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka kanye nemithethonqubo yezemvelo iba nzima kakhulu, ukushintshela eziqandisini ezine-GWP ephansi njenge-R-600a, i-R-1234yf, kanye ne-R-290 kuzoba yinto engenakugwenywa. Lezi ziqandisi azigcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle kwamandla, kodwa futhi zisiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wekhabhoni wezinhlelo zeziqandisi zezimoto. Iziqandisi zezimoto zesikhathi esizayo zizoqhubeka nokugxila ezixazululweni ezinobungani nemvelo, ezisebenza kahle, nezisebenziseka kalula.

Ngokuqonda ama-refrigerant ahlukene asetshenziswayo njengamanje kanye nomthelela wawo emvelweni nasekusebenzeni kwawo, abathengi bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa futhi ngaleyo ndlela banikele ekusaseni elizinzile.